After experiencing a wave of development in China, the Internet of Things, which began in 2008, is returning to rationality in recent years.
However, after the big waves washed away, leaving a group of solid industrial enterprises, Huawei, ZTE, the three major operators, BAT and other giants have also begun the layout of the Internet of Things, the prospects of China's Internet of Things are optimistic, IoT applications are expected from the government to the enterprise And then penetrate into the field of personal consumption.
From a small range of iot to a global unified IOT is the trend of the development of the Internet of Things, which also brings a series of security, privacy, autonomy, interoperability, regulatory and other challenges.
Recently, the Internet of Things has once again become the focus of the industry at the 2017 Summit of China Informatization 100, with the theme of “Towards the Internet of Things +â€: Meeting the Internet of Everything and Developing the Digital Economy.
In an interview with the newspaper and other media at the summit, Mr. He Hezhen, the advisor of the China Information Technology Association and the China Internet Association, said that the Internet of Things in China was first proposed in 2008, and the concept was so hot as soon as it came out. There are signs of hype.
"For example, the concept of the stock market, plus a sensor is said to be the Internet of Things refrigerator, this does not create value-added services for users. In recent years, this heat has gradually faded and returned to rationality."
In fact, according to the Gartner technology maturity curve, people will have great hopes when they come up with new technology, but the new technology has a running-in period with the market. Later, people discovered that the new technology has many shortcomings. Expectations for new technologies have fallen to a low point, and then as time goes on, this run-in will become more mature. At present, the hot technologies of the Internet of Things are in a low-lying area.
Another problem is that the most valuable companies in the IoT industry chain are upstream companies with core technologies such as chips, sensors, and wireless communications, while the market profits for companies selling products for the terminal are not many. Many IoT companies are facing the embarrassing situation of “visible market, invisible industryâ€.
This has led to a large number of companies withdrawing from the city but in the process of big waves, and some companies are pushing the development of the Internet of Things in a down-to-earth manner and launching a wide-area narrow-band Internet of Things standard.
"At present, there are not many enterprises that are mainly based on the Internet of Things. In the past, they were mainly small enterprises. Now Huawei, ZTE, China Electronics and other large enterprises have also entered the Internet of Things in a high-profile manner. The three major operators and BAT are also I began to lay out the Internet of Things.†He Hezhen is optimistic about the opportunities for these large enterprises to enter the Internet of Things. He believes that it is difficult for small enterprises to bring large-scale applications and generate industrial scale, while large industries such as banks and railways are also worried about small enterprise products and even small enterprises. Its own existence time and sustainability, and the entry of large enterprises will change the situation.
The resurgence of the industry does not hinder the prospect of the Internet of Things. In terms of scale, the volume of things is much larger than that of people, and there is huge room for future development. According to He Hezhen, a good phenomenon is that mobile phones have a high penetration rate. Each mobile phone with multiple sensors is a node of the Internet of Things, which accelerates the application of the Internet of Things.
At this summit, Zhou Hongren, executive deputy director of the National Informatization Expert Advisory Committee, gave a keynote speech on “Internet of Things +†and digital transformation. He said that the world is welcoming a new era of computerization of the world. By 2019, global networking There are only 2.5 billion PCs, and there are about 4 billion smartphones in the world, and the Internet of Things is likely to reach 30 billion. By 2030, there will be about 500 billion items worldwide.
In the commercial application path, the current real thing that can pay for the Internet of Things is that governments, consumer-oriented IoT products such as wearable devices have not found just needed.
"From the real application is the premise of the healthy development of the Internet of Things, the Internet of Things needs to form a corresponding business model." He Hezhen pointed out that smart city management, anti-terrorism, environmental governance, social governance and other government actions are the main areas of initial application of the Internet of Things. Narrowband IoT is first targeted at these areas, which can create value and gain revenue; then it will expand to the industrial Internet. For enterprises, the Internet of Things may become a tool for enterprise Internet transformation, improve production efficiency and efficiency; Will penetrate into the smart home field such as water meters and electricity meters.
From iot to IOT, creating new problems and risksIn the view of Qi Hezhen, the development of the Internet of Things is in its infancy, both in China and in developed countries.
In terms of industrial scale, the output value of China's Internet of Things exceeded 750 billion yuan in 2015. Although the compound annual growth rate is over 25%, the output value is still relatively small compared to the information industry, and its application is limited.
He Hezhen believes that the Internet of Things in the initial stage needs to solve the three levels of bottlenecks. The first is perception that the Internet of Things requires large-scale links, which in turn requires sensor costs to be greatly reduced. Current sensing methods include bar codes, sensors, etc. Depending on the attributes, there are various sensors such as temperature, pressure, and direction. Because there are too many varieties, they are not easy to scale production, so the cost is too high; and the sensor itself needs to break through the material technology. A series of interdisciplinary issues, such as biotechnology, is a weak link.
The second level is the problem on the communication network. The existing network is not used to connect IoT products, so the Internet of Things products that are actually connected to the carrier network are only 6%. However, a good phenomenon is that the narrowband Internet of Things was proposed last year. Standard, it is aimed at IoT devices with large connections, wide coverage, low power consumption and long life.
More important is the problem of the third level of application, that is, how to find the law from the connection of large-scale objects, which involves technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence. At present, China pays more attention to data collection, and further mining analysis remains to be done. Breakthrough, and the development of the Internet of Things is bound to accompany the progress of the Internet, cloud computing, and big data.
"There are huge traffic cameras in the construction of smart cities. The data is complicated and unstructured. At this time, it can no longer rely on the human eye to analyze and deal with it. We must find the rules and methods of intelligent processing." He said.
In addition, the bigger problem of the Internet of Things is security. As a large-scale, low-power IoT device, it cannot be applied to an overly complex cryptosystem, which is more vulnerable. Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to security issues in the field of infrastructure in the fields of electricity, transportation, civil aviation, and finance.
Zhou Hongren said that today's Internet of Things refers to IOT, but in the past it was iot. The difference is that iot refers to many Internet of Things, while IOT is a global unified Internet of Things, the latter is a development trend, the Internet of Things has Entering a whole new phase, but bringing together objects from all over the world brings a lot of new problems.
The first is the network architecture. The Internet connects only 3 billion people, but how the Internet of Things can connect hundreds or hundreds of billions of devices. The second is the standard problem. In the unified IOT, the products produced cannot be unified and the system cannot be identified. In addition, security, privacy, etc. face serious challenges.
In addition, the Internet of Things is also facing legal and regulatory challenges, such as how to determine the responsibility of an accident when a smart car has a traffic accident.
At the summit, Vinton G. Cerf, global vice president of Google, known as the "father of the Internet," said that the Internet of Things has many risks in terms of reliability, ease of use, security privacy, autonomy, and interoperability.
The software that the Internet of Things relies on is inevitably vulnerable, which requires the device manufacturer to send and update programs for a long time to fix these vulnerabilities. IoT devices have long-life characteristics, but many companies that provide equipment may not exist as long as these products. If the company does not exist, the maintenance of IoT devices requires open source code, which involves intellectual property rights and other issues. .
"The Internet of Things should consider user-oriented, make the device simple and easy to use. When the Internet fails, it still needs to keep the system working properly. If the device cannot be programmed, it is difficult to use and it is not safe, it can be invaded by a third party. Assuring that users will not use the Internet of Things,†said Vinton G. Cerf.
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