Wearable device equipment, commonly understood as a wearable portable computing device, is characterized by miniaturization, portability, small size, and mobility. Therefore, in terms of human-computer interaction, unlike a general computing device, or a smart device, it is a direct, seamless and fully connected interaction mode. The main features include single (double) hand release, voice interaction, and perception enhancement. Tactile interaction, conscious interaction, etc. The main interaction methods and interaction technologies have the following seven aspects:
1. Bone conduction interaction technology
The bone conduction interaction technology is mainly a technique for sound interaction, which transmits a sound signal directly to the inner ear by vibrating the skull without passing through the outer ear and the middle ear. Bone conduction vibration does not directly stimulate the auditory nerve, but the vibration of the basement membrane in the cochlea that stimulates it is exactly the same as that of the air-conducting sound, but the sensitivity is low.
Under normal circumstances, the sound waves are transmitted to the inner ear through air conduction and bone conduction, and then the inner and outer lymph fluids of the inner ear vibrate. The auger completes the sensory process, and then the auditory nerve generates nerve impulses, which are presented to the auditory center and the brain. After a comprehensive analysis of the cortex, the sound is finally "heard". To put it simply, we cover our ears with our hands and talk to ourselves. No matter how small the sound, we can all hear what we say. This is the result of bone conduction.
Bone conduction technology usually consists of two parts, generally divided into bone conduction input device and bone conduction output device. Bone conduction input device refers to the use of bone conduction technology to receive the bone vibration signal generated by the speaker when speaking, and transmit it to the remote or recording device. The bone conduction output device refers to a device that converts the transmitted audio electrical signal into a bone vibration signal and transmits the vibration to the inner ear through the skull.
At present, in the aspects of smart glasses, smart headphones, etc., bone conduction technology is a relatively common interactive technology, including Google glasses also uses sound bone conduction technology to construct the sound interaction between the device and the user.
2. Eye tracking and interactive technology
Eye tracking, also known as gaze tracking, eye movement measurement. Eye tracking technology is a scientific application technology. It usually consists of three tracking methods: one is to track the changes according to the characteristics of the eyeball and the periphery of the eyeball, the other is to track according to the change of the iris angle, and the third is to actively project the infrared beam to the iris. Extract features. Eye tracking technology is an important technology in contemporary psychology research. It has been around for a long time and has been widely used in experimental psychology, applied psychology, engineering psychology, cognitive neuroscience and other fields. With the advent of wearable devices, especially smart glasses, this technology has begun to be applied in human-computer interaction with wearable devices.
The main principle of eye tracking tracking technology is that when the human eye looks in different directions, there will be subtle changes in the eye. These changes will produce extractable features, and the computer can extract these features through image capture or scanning. Track changes in the eye, predict the user's status and needs, and respond to the goal of controlling the device with the eye.
Usually eye tracking can be divided into three steps: hardware detection, data extraction, and data integration. The hardware detects the original data of the eye movement expressed in an image or electromagnetic form, and the data is extracted by the digital image processing method into the eye movement data value represented by the coordinate form, and the value is the same as the eye movement prior model and the user interface attribute in the data synthesis stage. The head tracking data and the user pointing operation information are integrated to realize the eye tracking function.
3.AR/MR interaction technology
Augmented Reality (AR) refers to providing informational and entertaining coverage on top of the real environment, such as overlaying graphics, text, sound and hypertext on top of the real environment, providing additional information to achieve reminders, reminders, Accessibility features such as markup, annotation, and interpretation are a combination of virtual and real environments. Intervention reality (MR) is the product of computer processing of the real world.
AR/MR technology can provide a new application mode for wearable device devices, mainly to build a new virtual screen between human and machine, and realize the interaction of the scene by means of virtual screen. This is one of the most widely used interactive technologies in smart glasses, immersive devices, and somatosensory games.
4. Voice interaction technology
Voice interaction can be said to be the most direct between human-computer interaction in the era of wearable devices, and it is also one of the most widely used interactive technologies. In particular, the emergence of wearable devices, as well as the maturity of related speech recognition and big data technology, bring new opportunities for voice interaction. The rise of the new generation of voice interaction is not a breakthrough in the identification technology. The key is to integrate the voice with the intelligent terminal and the cloud background, so that the human voice can communicate with the program world by means of data. And achieve the purpose of controlling and understanding the user's intention. The front-end uses voice technology, focusing on the integration of web search, knowledge computing, database, question and answer recommendations and other technologies in the background, making up for the limitations of past voice technology relying solely on front-end commands.
The application of voice interaction technology is divided into two development directions: one is a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system, which is mainly applied to computer dictation machines; another important development direction is miniaturization, portable voice product applications, such as wireless mobile phones. Dialing, smart toys, etc. Of course, the key factor that has not yet been fully popularized is that the interference capability of speech recognition needs to be strengthened, and the recognition in multi-language needs to be improved.
5. Somatosensory interaction technology
Somatosensory interaction technology refers to the use of computer graphics and other techniques to identify a person's body language and translate it into computer-readable operational commands to operate the device. Somatosensory interaction is a new human-computer interaction method after the mouse, keyboard and touch screen. It can also be said to be a human-computer interaction technology driven by the trend of wearable devices.
Limbs, including gesture communication, are human instinct, and have been able to communicate with people in body language before learning language and writing. In fact, the existence of gesture interaction technology has been around for a long time. In the past 30 years, researchers have been studying interactive systems based on body language. Because body language is most frequent in daily life, it is easy to identify. It is only before that all body language-based research is mainly based on gesture recognition, but less on body posture and head posture language. With the development of wearable devices, especially the smart apparel industry and the somatosensory interaction industry, it can be said that somatosensory interaction will become an indispensable human-computer interaction technology for wearable devices.
Among them, the gesture interaction is the most representative. The gesture recognition is to continuously collect the shape and displacement of the hand/hand tools of various sensors, and complete the modeling at intervals to form a sequence frame of model information. These sequences of information are converted into corresponding instructions that are used to control certain operations. With the maturity of various technologies and the development of sensors, gesture recognition has entered the usability stage, and various products and solutions have begun to emerge.
6. Haptic interaction technology
Tactile interaction is a relatively new human-computer interaction technology in the wearable device industry, which will have a profound impact on the information exchange and communication between human and machine. Tactile sensation is the mother of all human feelings, and it is one of the important channels for human beings to communicate with the outside world and feel the outside world. Information such as soft and hard, cold and warm, thickness, and object shape can be perceived in the touch, and more complex emotional communication of humans can also be achieved through touch. Tactile interaction research uses tactile information to enhance communication between people and computers and robots, including surgical simulation training, entertainment, robotic remote control operations, product design, industrial design, and the like. Tactile interaction has a certain application exploration in immersive smart products, and it will be a key interactive technology for human beings to "real" in the virtual reality.
7, brain wave interaction technology
Brainwave interaction can also be understood as consciousness control technology. This technology has been explored at present, but it has not been widely used. It can be said that brainwave interaction technology will be the ultimate interaction mode of the wearable device industry. It not only builds between people and devices, but also builds a new way of communication between people. In the future, we will use the brainwave interaction technology to achieve a full "tacit understanding" between people. Similarly, a new way of human-computer interaction will be built between people and devices. This kind of interaction can be said to be the ultimate way of interaction in the wearable era.
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