According to foreign media reports, Rice University solved the problem of battery dendrite, which has long plagued battery researchers. The lithium-ion battery developed by the university is the third of commercial lithium-ion batteries. Times.
Rice's design team preserves lithium in a unique anode that uses a new process, made up of graphene and carbon nanotubes. The material was first created in 2012 and is essentially a 3D carbon surface that provides enough storage space for lithium. In theory, the anode itself has reached the maximum storage space of lithium metal, preventing the formation of harmful accumulations such as dendrites.
According to the researchers, lithium ion accumulations such as dendrites will penetrate the electrolyte of the battery. If the dendrite causes the anode to contact the cathode, it will cause a short circuit and the battery drop may be scrapped. What's more, the battery will be on fire or explode.
Rice University chemist James Tour is responsible for leading the research project. According to him, when the new battery is charged, the lithium metal surface will be covered with a highly conductive carbon hybrid, which is highly conductive and carbon nano. The tube is intimately bonded to the surface of the graphene. According to the American Chemical Society journal "ACS Nano", this type of mixture has replaced the graphite anode in commercial lithium batteries for safety and power.
According to Tour, the new anode carbon nanotube cluster has a low density and a large surface area, and there is enough space to accommodate the lithium ion particles swimming during charging and discharging of the battery. The lithium metal is evenly distributed, and the charged lithium ions in the electrolyte will spread out, inhibiting the proliferation of dendrites.
He said that although the battery sample is limited by the cathode, the lithium ion storage energy of the anode material has reached 3351 mA / gram, which is close to its maximum theoretical value, which is 10 times that of the lithium ion battery. Due to the low density of carbon nanotube carpets, their lithium ion coating will be distributed on the substrate to ensure maximum space utilization.
To test the anode, Rice University Labs used a sulfur-based cathode and electrolyte to create a complete battery. It is said that the capacity retention rate of the sulfur-based cathode after charging and discharging for more than 500 times is as high as about 80%. The team used an electron microscope to observe the image of the anode. After many tests, the electrode had no dendrites or blankets on its surface, and the anode surface remained smooth. When observed with the naked eye, it was found that nearly one-quarter of the battery was dark in color, and the lithium metal was exhausted and occupied by silver.
Tour said: "Many people do battery research, just focus on the anode, because the study of the entire battery is more difficult. We have developed a matching sulfur-based cathode technology for this, with the first generation of ultra-high capacity lithium metal anode At the moment, the research team is re-manufacturing such batteries, cathodes and anodes for pilot scales, and the above materials are being tested."
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