The audio exciter is actually a harmonic generator that uses human psychoacoustic characteristics to modify and beautify the audio signal.
First, the relevant acoustic principle
(1) What is the pitch?
You should know that the sounds of nature are not composed of a single frequency, most of them are a kind of compound sound, and the pitch is the lowest frequency component of the composite sound. The pitch is like the foundation of a house. If there is not enough pitch in a tone, the whole tone will change. So for our sound engineer, it is crucial to adjust the pitch of the sound.
(2) What harmonics?
Harmonics are called chords in physics, harmonics in electroacoustics, and overtones in music. We know that the sounds of everything in nature are all kinds of different sounds and complex waveforms. This complex waveform has a series of resonant frequencies in addition to the fundamental frequency waveform (pitch). , also known as the overtone, it has a certain, overtone relationship with the main tone, and the overtone can also be divided into even and overtones: 2, 4, 6, 8 etc. for occasional overtones, 3, 5 7, 9, 9, etc. are odd-order overtones. For example, when the pitch frequency is 50 Hz, the 2 overtones are 100 Hz, and the 3 times are overtones, which is 150 Hz.
(three), the role of harmonics
Know what is harmonic (overtone), what is the use of overtone? Let's take the piano as an example. The piano's lowest audio frequency is around 30 Hz, the highest audio frequency is around 4000 Hz, and the piano has more than a dozen overtones, and its frequency modulation can reach about 20,000 Hz. These overtones can be divided into low frequency overtones, intermediate frequency overtones and FM overtones. If the low-frequency overtone is moderate, the tone will be mixed and full; the mid-range overtone will be moderate, the tone will be round, natural and harmonious; in the high-frequency overtone, the tone will be bright, delicate, analytical, and Penetration. Therefore, in addition to the most basic pitch, a sound will have a corresponding overtone, and the influence of these overtones on the tone is important at the beginning. For example, different instruments can produce different harmonic components with different numbers and strengths, so different ones will have different sounds.
Second, the application of the exciter
The exciter is designed to recover the harmonic components lost by the audio signal, effectively extend the high frequency bandwidth and improve the signal to noise ratio, thereby improving the clarity and expressiveness of the sound reproduction. Moreover, the level of these harmonics has little effect on the level of the signal. Since the exciter has the above advantages, it can be used to process the signal, and the sound quality can be improved. The specific application is as follows:
(1) Increasing the loudness of the sound: Although the exciter only adds about 0.5dB of harmonic components to the sound, actually it sounds like the volume has increased by about 10dB. Using the psychoacoustic characteristics of people, we can make the sound The system gets better and can also reduce the acoustic feedback of the microphone.
(B), increase the penetrating power of the sound: the use of exciters can improve the clarity, intelligibility and expressive power of the sound, the overall feeling is: increase the penetration of the sound! Moreover, the sound is more audible, and on the basis of increasing the sound and sound, it is also effective in hearing fatigue.
(C), increase the spatial sense of sound and three-dimensional sense: the use of the exciter can improve the positioning and layering of the sound, but also improve the sound quality of high-replay sound. Since the overtone in the sound can be well added, and the exciter with the step-and-spread function can improve the sound quality of the bass, the frequency range, dynamic range, and loudness of the sound are obviously obvious after using the exciter. The improvement, the overall feeling is: increase the sound of the sound and three-dimensional sense!
(4) Improve the sound of analog tape copying: The sound signal of the analog tape will lose a lot of high-frequency harmonic components during the transmission and recording process. At this time, we can use the exciter to compensate the high-frequency harmonics of the signal. Create a certain high-pitched component, which can improve the sound quality.
Third, the use of exciter skills
(1) The determination of the incentive object; we have to use the exciter to deal with what sound source to have a clear concept, is it to deal with music alone or separately? Or both? In general, the effect of the exciter on the vocals is more obvious; the effect of the individual music processing is also obvious; but the effect of the mixture of music and vocals is relatively less obvious.
(2) The connection of the exciter; the connection of the exciter is basically connected in a signal channel that needs to be excited in the sound system like an edge-trimming device such as an equalizer. When the excitation process is applied to different targets, the connection method of the exciter is also different. For example, in a mixer, 1-2 groups are vocals. If the vocal is to be motivated, the exciter should be inserted. /Playout interface is connected to the mixer's 1-2 grouping channel; if the 3-4 grouped band is also to be motivated, then add one to the exciter to connect to the mixer using the plugin/outlet interface In the 3-4 group; if you want to carry out comprehensive processing, then it is enough to connect one to the exciter in the main channel of the mixer. Of course, the exciter can also send the signal from the AUX like an effect, and then return to the mixer. This can adjust which channels Nanda has to perform the stimulus processing, and how much strength it needs to be processed, which is actually more flexible. In short, the connection of the exciter should be based on the application!
(C), the adjustment method of the exciter: the audio exciter is not used too much in the audio system, mainly because the engineering firm does not pay enough attention to the exciter, plus the high-quality exciter in the industry in recent years. Much, so now I feel that the exciter is a bit "marginalized". At present, the more famous actuators in the industry are: Aphex, BBE, BEHRINGER, etc. They all have their own characteristics, but the general functions, principles and parameters are basically the same. Here I will not frost a stimulator, just to talk about the overall aspect. :
Exciter function key introduction:
1, IN / OUT plus and no exciter effect selection: This button is mainly used to adjust the effect when adjusting.
2. TUNE (tuning) exciter signal fundamental frequency adjustment; mainly used to select the frequency of Nanda's excitation processing.
3, MIX (mixed) harmonic output control, mainly used to control the magnitude of the excitation intensity.
4. HIGH/NORMAL: HIGH in the guest is suitable for the human guide and the single source of the instrument for excitation processing; NORMAL is suitable for stimulating the music with a wide range of music such as the whole music.
The above four function keys are called, the auditory exciter part, which is mainly used to adjust the penetrating harmonics and the penetrating power of the sound.
5, OVERHANG (bass hold time); this is mainly for length adjustment.
6, GIRTH (low volume); bass strength adjustment.
The above two function keys are unique to the low frequency extension actuator and can be used to adjust the bass sound.
Actuator adjustment method:
1. IN/OUT is placed in “INâ€; the corresponding indicator lights up so that the exciter will enter the working state.
2. The TUNE enters the 12 o'clock position; at this time, the knob should be flexibly adjusted according to the needs of the excitation frequency.
3. Place HIGH/NORMAL in the desired position: in the comprehensive processing, enter the NORMAL, and the other processing in the HIGH.
4. MIX (Harmonic Amount) and GIRTH (Low Volume): They are placed in the minimum position when starting the adjustment.
5, improve MIX, really to hear the rimming sound (the sound is bright): pay attention to listen, this sound is not particularly obvious
6. Adjust TUNE to improve the tone or penetrating power of the sound; pay attention to distinguish the tone, adjust the music and microphone in turn, usually adjust to the 11-14 o'clock position similar to the clock.
7. Repeat the adjustment of MIX until the harmonic effect is satisfactory: generally adjust to the 13-15 o'clock position similar to the clock.
8, enhance OVERTHANG, adjust its indicator light, generally adjusted to a similar clock 11-14 o'clock position, bass time is too short, no fullness, too long and easy to turbid, be careful to adjust.
9. Improve GIRTH and adjust OVERTHANG until the world is satisfied; generally adjust to a 10-13 o'clock position similar to the clock.
During the adjustment process, IN/OUT can be used to compare the sound effects with and without excitation, and the sound is adjusted until the treble is bright and clear, and the bass is full and flexible, and the soft and hard strength is suitable. Of course, there are all kinds of exciters, and their functions and adjustment methods are different. We only have to learn more, watch more, and listen more to each sound equipment.
Problems to be aware of when using the exciter
1. When connecting the exciter in the speaker system, be sure to pay attention to the flow of the signal. If in a mixer, we are going to use an exciter to comprehensively process the music and vocals, then it can be in the mixer. The main channel output signal is followed by an exciter: If only the 3-4 groups in the mixer are processed, then the 3-4 group, plug/socket interface is used to connect an exciter, so 3- After the 4 groups are stimulated, they are sent out through the main channel signal of the mixer. Of course, if the sound of the 3-4 group is not sent through the main channel of the mixer, it is directly grouped through 3-4. The separate signal output port is sent directly, then we can not use: insert/broadcast method to connect the exciter, and can directly connect one exciter after the output signal of 3-4 groups. It seems simple, if the connection is wrong, the whole effect has also changed. Of course, it is necessary to fully understand the connection and use of the exciter, and we must rely on ourselves to study more.
2. If the rear panel of the exciter has a level selection, it is generally +4 and -10dB and +4 and -20 dB. Then we must select it at the +4 dB position to ensure the signal level. match.
3. When using IN/OUT contrast plus unincentive sound effects, many recurrences do not distinguish the subtle differences in sound, because the sounds emitted from the speakers are rarely directly radiated into the total ears. Accurate identification of sound effects with and without stimuli is difficult. In fact, there is a simple method; if we re-connect the output signal of the left channel of the exciter to the first channel of the mixer, but pay attention to the volume fader of this channel to be turned off. Then we can wear the headphones to monitor the sound of the first channel separately. At this time, we have a high discrimination ability for the sound effect of adding and not stimulating, and then the earphone adjusts the right channel of the exciter. Then identify the effect from the live speakers, so that the two can quickly bring out a perfect effect.
4. In music-based audio systems, for example, the use of exciters in the disco ballroom can be adjusted to a large extent. The bass volume and bass time can be adjusted to satisfaction at will, and the middle and high notes can be adjusted greatly. , to achieve strong penetration. Because of the crowds in these places, the sound absorption is very strong, and the noise floor is large, it is very necessary to use the exciter to adjust.
5. In the vocal-based audio system, for example, in the karaoke station, be careful when using the exciter adjustment. The bass and bass time should be adjusted repeatedly. The bass too much affects the clarity of the vocals. Too little sound seems too thin and not full, so adjust it to the right. The adjustment of the middle and high sounds is actually adjusted according to different vocals. Because the frequencies between the male and female singers are different, the harmonics (overtones) that need to be processed by the exciter will of course be different. Therefore, pay attention to the difference in this aspect when adjusting.
Some sound fields have too many reflective areas, so the treble reflex is very powerful and the sound quality is very noisy. If you add the exciter to increase the "penetration", the treble will become more harsh, so the treble will become more harsh. Good sound field is very important, and it is not the place where the exciter can be used.
Having said that, I don’t know if it helps everyone, but we can find that although the widespread use of digital processors is a trend of the people, there are few incentives in digital processors, most of them Yes: equalization, pressure limit, frequency division, delay, inversion, etc. Therefore, I think that the high-quality audio exciter can not be replaced for a long time, and the smart use of the exciter increases the 10dB loudness, which can also reduce the number of audio equipment and save engineering costs.
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